National Character Area 102

Teme Valley - Key Facts & Data

Landscape and nature conservation designations section contains a map

Note that numbers and figures in the body of the text are based on the 2014 profiles, unless otherwise stated. The maps contain live frequently updated datasets.

There are no designated landscapes within the Teme Valley NCA (Natural England, 2011).

Designated nature conservation sites

The NCA includes the following statutory nature conservation designations (Natural England, Special Protection Areas; Special Area of Conservation; Ramsars; National Nature Reserves; Sites of Special Scientific Interest and Local Nature Reserves, 2021):

Please note: (i) Designated areas may overlap (ii) all figures are cut to Mean High Water Line, designations that span coastal/marine areas below this line will not be included.

Condition of designated sites
All designated sites within England are covered by Sites of Scientific Interest (SSSI) units. The condition to these SSSI units within the NCA are as follows (Natural England, Sites of Special Scientific Interest Units, 2021; 2023):



Landscape and nature conservation designations map for NCA102

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Landform, geology and soils section contains a map

Note that numbers and figures in the body of the text are based on the 2014 profiles, unless otherwise stated. The maps contain live frequently updated datasets.

Elevation

Elevation ranges from 20m above sea level to a maximum of 270 m. The highest point is Abberley Hill (Natural England, 2010).

Landform and process

A Silurian limestone ridge runs north to south across the area forming the Abberley Hills. The rolling countryside is cut by the incised river valleys of the Teme and its tributaries (Teme Valley Countryside Character Area Description).

Bedrock geology

Composed of Silurian age limestones, the Abberley Hills are the most conspicuous landscape feature forming a visual continuation of the north/ south Malvern range but separated from them by the Teme Valley where the river has cut through the gap at Knightwick before proceeding to join the River Severn. The rocks are highly folded and inverted in places and yield a typical middle Silurian shell fauna. The rest of the area is characterised by undulating country of alternating sandstones, siltstones and occasional thin limestones and cornstones of the Lower Old Red Sandstone (popular term denoting the transition zone between the Silurian and Devonian Periods). The sediments represent flood plain deposits laid down in semi-desert conditions. The limestones and cornstones (calcareous pellet rock composed of scour fragments) give rise to small scarp features (Geological Narrative West Midlands Geodiversity Partnership, Teme Valley Countryside Character Area Description).

Superficial deposits

Tufa deposition, following leaching of calcium carbonate from limestone rocks, occurs along the Teme Valley. Southstone Rock is a fine example of active tufa deposition and is considered to be one of the largest deposits in England. Fossils are rare but lenses of dried up pools containing fragmentary early fish are found throughout the sequence (Geological Narrative West Midlands Geodiversity Partnership, Teme Valley Countryside Character Area Description).

Designated geological sites

The NCA includes the following geological sites (Natural England, Geological and Mixed Sites of Special Scientific Interest, 2021):

wdt_ID NCA_ID NAME NCAAreaHa Interest type Area (ha) 2021 Percent of NCA (2021) Count
2361NORTH NORTHUMBERLAND COASTAL PLAIN37,669.6Geological6.80.01
2371NORTH NORTHUMBERLAND COASTAL PLAIN37,669.6Mixed1,029.52.75
2382NORTHUMBERLAND SANDSTONE HILLS72,694.6Geological45.40.14
2393CHEVIOT FRINGE51,591.3Geological17.10.02
2404CHEVIOTS36,487.9Geological165.00.52
2414CHEVIOTS36,487.9Mixed3,488.99.61
2425BORDER MOORS AND FORESTS127,155.9Geological85.70.18
2435BORDER MOORS AND FORESTS127,155.9Mixed35.80.01
2446SOLWAY BASIN98,350.4Geological7.20.02
2456SOLWAY BASIN98,350.4Mixed5,569.25.74

Soils and Agriculture Classification

The River Teme cuts through Old Red Sandstone upstream of Knightwick and below this point it meanders across Keuper Marls. Deeper, neutral soils occur over the Old Red Sandstone to calcareous soils on the limestone ridges. The River Teme, with its steep sides and wooded dingle valleys, has a fertile, if narrow flood plain supporting arable and pasture land (Teme Valley Countryside Character Area Description, Malvern Hills and Teme Valley Natural Area Profile).

The main grades of agricultural land in the NCA are broken down as follows (as a proportion of total land area) (Natural England, Provisional Agricultural Land Classification, 2019):


Landform, geology and soils map for NCA102

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Key waterbodies and catchments section contains a map

Note that numbers and figures in the body of the text are based on the 2014 profiles, unless otherwise stated. The maps contain live frequently updated datasets.

Major rivers/canals

The following major rivers/canals (by length) have been identified in this NCA (Natural England, data informing the 2014 National Character Area Profiles, 2010):

wdt_ID REF_CODE NAME_1 Name Length (km) SumOfShape_Length
11NORTH NORTHUMBERLAND COASTAL PLAINRiver Aln7.67,587.2
21NORTH NORTHUMBERLAND COASTAL PLAINRiver Coquet5.55,516.0
31NORTH NORTHUMBERLAND COASTAL PLAINWhiteadder Water2.92,904.9
410NORTH PENNINESBlack Burn11.911,853.4
510NORTH PENNINESCroglin Water10.010,042.3
610NORTH PENNINESCrowdundle Beck4.34,337.4
710NORTH PENNINESDevil's Water20.520,464.6
810NORTH PENNINESHarwood Beck9.79,740.2
910NORTH PENNINESRiver Allen4.94,889.0
1010NORTH PENNINESRiver Derwent15.315,268.4

Please note: other significant rivers (by volume) may also occur. Tidal stretches of rivers are not included, which may include some major rivers.

The River Teme has been notified as a Site of Special Scientific Interest as part of the national series of rivers. It is recognised as one of the best examples of a Type VI river – a large river over sandstones, mudstones and hard limestone – and is botanically rich with aquatic flora and fauna. Many small deep-cut streams drain into the Teme but only the Leigh Brook reaches any size. The River Teme flows in a south-easterly direction across the NCA from Burford in the west to Knightwick in the south. The River Rea joins the Teme south of Newnham Bridge; it flows from Lower Forge in the north of the NCA in a south-westerly direction.

Water quality

Nitrate Vulnerable Zones (NVZs) are areas designated as being at risk from agricultural nitrate pollution. These can impact surface water (waterbodies and waterways located above ground) and groundwater (water bodies and waterways located below ground).

Waterbodies such as lakes can also be designated as “eutrophic waters” if the enrichment of the waterbody by nitrate pollution causes accelerated growth of algae, impacting the quality of the water and the balance of organisms within it.

The following NVZs are located within the NCA (Environment Agency, Nitrate Vulnerable Zones Designations, 2021):

Water framework directive

River basin management plans cover river basin districts and describe the challenges that threaten the water environment and how these challenges can be managed and funded. The plans include the classification of water quality of surface waters and ground waters.



Click on the Water Framework Directive layers on the below map to view the corresponding river names.

Key waterbodies and catchments map for NCA102

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Trees and woodlands section contains a map

Note that numbers and figures in the body of the text are based on the 2014 profiles, unless otherwise stated. The maps contain live frequently updated datasets.

Total woodland cover

Ancient woodland is any area that has been wooded continuously since at least 1600 AD. National Forest Inventory (NFI) woodland includes all forests and woodlands (0.5 hectares and over). The total woodland cover within the NCA is as follows (Forestry Commission, National Forest Inventory, 2020; 2023; Natural England, Ancient Woodland, 2021; 2024; this does not consider Natural England’s ‘Ancient Woodland – Revised (England) – Completed Counties’ data as this is being updated in tranches and no full dataset is yet available):

Distribution and size of woodland and trees in the landscape

Around half of the woodland occurs on ancient woodland sites, either as broadleaved or mixed woodland, with a small proportion subject to replanting as conifer plantations, particularly on the Abberley Hills. Woodlands occur mainly on the steep slopes of the valley and hills within the NCA. These steep slopes and the valley sides of the River Teme have retained most of their woodlands and are an important area for woodland biodiversity. Old parkland is evident at Abberley with the typical open structure with mature trees, little under-storey and a modified ground flora. Traditional standard orchards, in particular cherry orchards, are characteristic of the sloping valleys and lower hillsides in the north and west sections of the Teme Valley (Malvern Hills and Teme Valley Natural Area Profile, Teme Valley Countryside Character Area Description).

Woodland types

A statistical breakdown of the area and type of woodland found across the NCA is detailed below (Forestry Commission, National Forest Inventory, 2020; 2023):

Area and proportion of ancient woodland and planted ancient woodland sites (PAWS) within the NCA (Natural England, Ancient Woodland, 2021; 2024):


Trees and woodlands map for NCA102

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Boundary features and patterns

Note that numbers and figures in the body of the text are based on the 2014 profiles, unless otherwise stated.

Boundary features

The main field boundaries in this NCA are dominated by hedgerows with mature oak trees as a distinctive characteristic. Hedgerow trees are numerous within the NCA, the hedgerows themselves often showing neglect. However environmental stewardship data (Natural England 31/3/11) demonstrates that a significant proportion of hedgerows (161 km) in the Teme Valley NCA are under positive management (Teme Valley Countryside Character Area description, Countryside Quality Counts, 2003).

Field patterns

The field pattern is typically of irregular, small, hedged fields. An ancient assarted and intact field pattern can be found in the Abberley Hills (Teme Valley Countryside Character Area description; Countryside Quality Counts, 2003).

Agriculture section contains a map

Note that numbers and figures in the body of the text are based on the 2014 profiles, unless otherwise stated. The maps contain live frequently updated datasets.

The following tables provide the most recently available statistics from Defra on agriculture within the NCA.

Farm type

The following farm types are located within this NCA (Defra, Structure of the agricultural industry in England and the UK at June, 2025):

Farm size

The following table outlines the sizes of farms within the NCA (Defra, Structure of the agricultural industry in England and the UK at June, 2025):

Farm ownership

The following table outlines the ownership of farms within the NCA (Defra, Structure of the agricultural industry in England and the UK at June, 2025):

Land use

The following table outlines the types of agricultural land use within the NCA (Defra, Structure of the agricultural industry in England and the UK at June, 2025):

Livestock numbers

The following livestock are farmed within the NCA (Defra, Structure of the agricultural industry in England and the UK at June, 2025):

Farm labour

The following table outlines the types of farm labour within the NCA (Defra, Structure of the agricultural industry in England and the UK at June, 2025):

Please note: (i) Some of the Census data are estimated by Defra so may not present a precise assessment of agriculture within this area (ii) Data refers to commercial holdings only (iii) Data includes land outside of the NCA where it belongs to holdings whose centre point is recorded as being within the NCA.



Note that the below map only shows agri-environment scheme coverage, and not other schemes.

Agriculture map for NCA102

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Key habitats and species section contains a map

Note that numbers and figures in the body of the text are based on the 2014 profiles, unless otherwise stated. The maps contain live frequently updated datasets.

Habitat distribution/coverage

Broadleaved woodland is the most dominant habitat type covering 17 per cent of the NCA. The NCA supports part of the Wyre Forest SSSI – one of the largest remaining areas of ancient semi-natural woodland in England. Ancient woodland forms more than 60 per cent of the broadleaved woodland resource. Traditional orchards, in particular cherry orchards, are characteristic of the sloping valleys and lower hillsides in the north and west sections of the Teme Valley, forming part of the larger fruit growing area of the Severn Vale and the Herefordshire Plateau. Lowland neutral hay meadows are dispersed throughout the NCA and important concentrations are known in the Teme valley.* The River Teme SSSI extends from western to the southern boundaries of the NCA. It is the second largest tributary of the River Severn. Sand martin colonies can be found in many of the eroding river banks. The fish community has long been recognised as being important, with salmon, grayling and brown trout and records occurring of the rare twaite shad (Malvern Hills and Teme Valley Natural Area Profile).

Key Habitats

The NCA contains the following areas of key main habitats, as mapped by the national Priority Habitat Inventory (Natural England, Priority Habitats Inventory, 2021; 2024; Natural England, Wood Pasture and Parkland, 2020). Note: lakes and ponds were not included in 2021 data:






Key habitats and species map for NCA102

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Settlement and development patterns section contains a map

Note that numbers and figures in the body of the text are based on the 2014 profiles, unless otherwise stated. The maps contain live frequently updated datasets.

Settlement patterns

There are no major urban areas within the NCA and larger settlements such as Tenbury Wells, Ludlow and Stourport-upon-Severn lie beyond the boundary. Less than 1 per cent of the area is urban. A dispersed settlement pattern is typical, inter-mixed with some small villages set within anciently enclosed fields interspersed with woodland. There are scattered farmsteads, hamlets and occasionally small villages. There is a generally high density of farmsteads, intermixed with large numbers of historic houses which were associated with farming in the past. Away from the valleys there are areas of small-scale irregular enclosure and small farms resulting from woodland clearance in the medieval period (Teme Valley Countryside Character Area description; Countryside Quality Counts, 2003).

Main settlements

Cleobury Mortimer lies on the northern boundary and has the largest population of 1,962. Larger villages include Abberley – population 800, and Burford – population 356. The total estimated population for this NCA (derived from ONS 2001 census data) is: 9,724 (Teme Valley Countryside Character Area description; Countryside Quality Counts, 2003).

Local vernacular and building materials

Timber-framed threshing barns, weather boarded with wattle infill to upper panels are a feature of the area. Weatherboarding is a common form of cladding for timber-framed buildings, particularly barns, and is often associated with tall, stone plinths and gable walls. Brick and Old Red Sandstone largely replaced timber-framing from the mid-/late 18th century. There are rare surviving examples of 18th century or earlier single storey and two-storey cow houses. Hop kilns, mainly dating from the 19th century, are a distinctive feature. Cider houses, distinguished by wide doors, incorporated into 18th century and later combination ranges which can include hop kilns – some of these buildings with earlier timber-frame cores. There is a high concentration of timber-framed buildings, including a high proportion of 16th century or earlier date. Plain clay tile and Welsh slate are the predominant roofing materials (Teme Valley Countryside Character Area description; Countryside Quality Counts, 2003).

Settlement and development patterns map for NCA102

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Key historic sites and features section contains a map

Note that numbers and figures in the body of the text are based on the 2014 profiles, unless otherwise stated. The maps contain live frequently updated datasets.

Origin of historic features

Some of the Norman manors developed into park estates and the mounds forming park pales can still be seen. The hamlets and isolated farmsteads may have been of earlier origin. Small clusters of open fields probably surrounded the hamlets, and common meadows lay in the valley bottoms. The open fields were gradually enclosed in a sub-rectangular fashion creating a landscape pattern which has remained to the present day (Countryside Quality Counts Draft Historic Profile, Countryside Character Area description).

Designated historic assets

The NCA includes the following designated historic assets (Historic England, National Heritage List for England, 2021; 2024):

Listed buildings

The NCA includes the following listed buildings (Historic England, National Heritage List for England, 2021; 2024):

Heritage at Risk Register

The NCA includes the following designated historic assets listed within the Heritage at Risk Register (Historic England, Heritage at Risk Register, 2021; 2023):



Key historic sites and features map for NCA102

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Recreation and access section contains a map

Note that numbers and figures in the body of the text are based on the 2014 profiles, unless otherwise stated. The maps contain live frequently updated datasets.

Public access
The following areas of public access for recreation are located within this NCA (Natural England, 2021; National Trust, 2021):


Please note: Public access areas may overlap.

The following linear routes or public access for recreation are located within this NCA (Natural England, 2021; Sustrans; 2021):

Recreation and access map for NCA102

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Experiential qualities

Note that numbers and figures in the body of the text are based on the 2014 profiles, unless otherwise stated.

Tranquillity

Based on the CPRE map of tranquillity (2006) the Teme Valley has an intricate landscape where there are pockets of higher tranquillity in an area that is fairly tranquil overall. The least tranquil area is at the eastern boundary, close to Stourport-upon-Severn.

A breakdown of tranquillity values for this NCA are detailed in the table below (CPRE, Tranquillity Map, 2006):

Dark skies

Light pollution is a generic term referring to artificial light that shines where it is neither wanted nor needed, and can impact on people’s experience of the countryside within the NCAs. CPRE host an interactive map, depicting the light pollution and dark skies within the NCA.

Intrusion

The 2007 Intrusion Map (CPRE) shows the extent to which rural landscapes are ‘intruded on’ from urban development, noise (primarily traffic noise), and other sources of visual and auditory intrusion. This shows a similar picture to the tranquillity scores. There is a high percentage of disturbed area in the east of the NCA around Stourport-upon-Severn. A breakdown of intrusion values for this NCA is detailed in the following table.

A breakdown of intrusion values for this NCA is detailed in the table below (CPRE, Intrusion Map, 2007):

Notable trends from the 1960s to 2007 are that there has been a slight
decrease in the proportion of undisturbed land during the 1960s to 2007 period, most of which has occurred between 2000 and 2007.